Sulfur

Indications:

In the production of sulfuric acid, agricultural fertilizer, rubber industry, pesticides and many sulfate salts

Physical and chemical properties:

Standard atomic weight 32.065 (5) gmol-1

Electron configuration [No] 3s2 3p4

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 6 (Image)

Phase solid

Density (near r.t.) (Alpha) 2.07 gcm-3

Density (near r.t.) (Beta) 1.96 gcm-3

Density (near r.t.) (Gamma) 1.92 gcm-3

Liquid density at m.p. 1.819 gcm-3

Melting point 388.36 K 115.21 C 239.38 F

Boiling point 717.8 K 444.6 C 832.3 F

Critical point 1314 K, 20.7 MPa

Heat of fusion (mono) 1.727 kJ mol -1

Heat of vaporization (mono) 45 kJmol-1

Specific heat capacity (25 C) 22.75 Jmol-1K-1

Vapor pressure P / P 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T / K 375 408 449 508 591 717

Oxidation states 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2 (strongly acidic oxide)

Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)

Ionization energies (more) 1: 999.6 kJmol-1 2nd: 2252 kJmol-1 3rd: 3357 kJmol-1

Covalent radius 1053 pm

Van der Waals radius 180 pm

Electrical resistivity (20 C) (amorphous) 21015

Thermal conductivity (300 K) (amorphous) 0.205 Wm-1K-1

Bulk modules 7.7 GPa / Mohs hardness 2.0